Background and Objectives: The microbial contamination of wastewater is associated with health risks. The aim of this study was to use the autochthonous Bdellovibrio potential to prey Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as a bio-control agent to treat urban wastewater. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six raw sewage samples were collected for isolation of Bdellovibrio. Double layer plaque assay was used for isolation and the isolates were identified by microscopic examination and molecular analysis. To evaluate the Predatory potential for decrease number of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, plaque perdition assay, reduction in host cells viability by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, reduction in optical density (OD) in co-cultures and assay of killing efficiency were carried out. Also, the raw wastewater was treated by Bdellovibrio then the reduction in CFU counting and reduction in OD was evaluated. Results: Four strains of Bdellovibrio were isolated and were registered in Gene Bank. Clear plaques were observed after 3-6 days of incubation for all prey cells. The CFU enumerations of all preys were decreased after 48 hrs in co-cultures and raw wastewater. Also, OD was decreased down to 0. 2 nm after 48 hrs. Conclusion: These autochthonous Bdellovibrio strains are proposed to use for bio-control of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria in wastewater and reuse it for irrigation in arid regions.

Dear Editor, Icarefully read your Editorial about "Predatory journals, "1 which are considered a challenging issue for scholarly publishing. I agree with your exhaustive and interesting insight.....

This WAME document aims to provide guidance to help editors, researchers, funders, academic institutions and other stakeholders distinguish Predatory journals from legitimate journals...

Dear Editor-in-Chief, In addition to specialized conferences aimed at the specialty and sub-specialty, we (especially early-career researchers and graduate students) also need to attend ‘, science-adjacent’,(multidisciplinary) conferences for new collaborations and ideas (1). At these specialty conferences, participants gather quickly among researchers/graduate-students who know each other (1). However, the high heterogeneity in multidisciplinary conferences means that each participant cannot find his/her existing links (networks) and then may not know each other. . .

Predatory publishing is “ an exploitative open-access publishing business model that involves charging publication fees to authors without providing the editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate journals (open access or not). ” No one has any idea how many Predatory journals there are, but the number is in the thousands and is increasing. Between 2010 and 2014, the estimated number of articles published by Predatory publishers increased from 53 000 articles to 420 000 (published in about 8000 Predatory journals). ..